Lesson 14
Do you speak English?
你会讲英语吗？
要求整篇文章背诵
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★amusing adj. 好笑的，有趣的
amused:感到好笑的
amuse v.
动词后面会加人做宾语
The story amused me.
The story is amusing.
i am amused.
interesting:有意思
The book is interesting.
The book is amusing.
funny:好笑的，可以指贬义，开心的，令人开心的
interesting/funny story
★experience n. 经历
经验：不可数名词
经历：可数名词
He has a lot of experience.
He has a lot of experiences.
+s(a/an),经历；原形，经验
experienced:有经验的
He is an experienced doctor.
★wave v. 招手
wave to sb;向某人招手
★lift n. 搭便车
be动词＋形容词/介词
be动词后面不能是名词，一旦是名词，就认为主语和后面的名词是等号关系
I am a teacher.
I was a lift.
take a bus/taxi/lift
take a lift:搭便车
I take a list.
The student gave me a lift.
give sb a lift:让某人搭便车
B wants to take a lift.
A will give B a lift.
thumb lift :拇指便车
I want to take a list.
★reply v. 回答
answer
He answered/replied.
answer sth/reply to sth.
answer the letter：回信
I will reply to the letter.
★language n. 语言
native language：母语
mother tongue
The native language is Chinese.
My mother tongue is Chinese.
★journey n. 旅行
begin a trip：开始一个旅行
begin a journey
trip,travel,tour
trip：短距离旅行或出差
go on business/go on a trip
travel：周游（长途）
tour,为了玩
tourist：游客
journey：所有的旅行
go on a journey, 3 days' journey
2 hours' journey
voyage：旅行（海上）
flight：空中飞行
journey：偏重于陆地旅行
trip;travel;tour;journey;voyage;flight
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Did the young man speak English?
I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next
town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said
good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.
Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you
speak English?' As I soon learnt, he was English himself!'
参考译文
去年我有过一次有趣的经历。在离开法国南部的一个小村庄后，我继续驶往下一个城镇。途中，一个青年人向我招手。我把车停下，他向
我提出要求搭车。他一上车，我就用法语向他问早上好，他也同样用法语回答我。除了个别几个单词外，我根本不会法语。旅途中我们谁也没
讲话。就要到达那个镇时，那青年突然开了口，慢慢地说道：“你会讲英语吗？”
我很快了解到，他自己就是个英国人！
【课文讲解】
搭便车：take a lift
给某人搭便车：give sb a lift
路程，旅行：journey
经历：experience.
一般有意思，interesting、funny, amusing顷向于让某人笑出声
I had an amusing experience last year.
after,从句的标志，后面叫时间主语从句
when,while,as：当什么时候，until,before,after
简单句当中一个谓语，有从句有主句，从句一个谓语动词，主句一个谓语动词
after：在什么什么之后，主句的动作发生在从句之后，从句的动作发生在主句的
前面，从句的动作发生在前，主句的动作发生在后
如果两个都是过去时，同时发生，会用进行时态；如果一先一后，发生在前的动作
为过去完成时（had done）
after后面的从句一个变成过去时，一个变成过去完成时，一定是从句用过去完成时。
before：在什么什么之前，主句发生在从句之前，主句用过去完成时。
地点做介词短语修饰前面的名词
in the south of
表达方位的表达方式一共有3个介词，in,on,to
没有相接的，是相离的，to
接壤，on
在什么里面，in
drive to：开车去某地，drive on (on:继续），on加在动词的后面表示继续
on the way：在路上，在途中
wave to sb：冲某人挥手
I stopped=I stopped the car.
ask sb for sth：请求某人要求得到什么东西
as soon as：一...就...户名一定要加一个句子（时间主语从句），
后面的先发生
As soon as I had received the letter,I ringed/called him back.
只要是状语从句，一旦遇到将来时，变为一般现在时
As soon as you arrive,you must call me.
As soon as 强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的
say goodbye,say sorry,say hello,say good morning to him
用某种语言：in＋某种语言
I speak English.I say a word in Chinese.
reply 要想加宾语要加 to
in the smae language
as soon as：一...就...
As soon as I had entered the room,I took off my coat at once.
apart from：除了什么之外，except
except,except for,apart from
1.when except is used at the beginning of a sentence,it is followed by for.
2.apart from习惯上喜欢放句首，apart from=except=besides
如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外，还有这个人也做了，是加号
如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外，这个人没有做，是减号
All the passengers are millionaire except us. 减号
3.except：从整体之中减掉，besides 如果放在句首，统一用apart from
4.except for含有对整体中的某一个方面不满意
The article is very good except for his handwriing.
except for 可以不放在句首，强调整体当中某一方面除外，剩下的整体都不错
Except for his height,he is very excellent.
【Special difficulties】
I invited everyone except George. Except for George I invited everyone.
Except for/apart from this,everything is in order.
Exercise
1.except for
3.apart from(Except for)
except for=apart from,喜欢放在句首
except和besides可放句子中间，besides指在整体上加上，except要从整体减掉
not at all：一点点都不
I don't like it. I don't like it at all.
apart from=except
Apart from my sister,I like everyone.
Apart from a few words,I know any French
neither
during the journey：在旅途当中，自始自终
neither of sb,either of sb
either of sb：什么当中的任何一个
neither of sb：什么当中的任何一个都不
either,neither 都是指两个当中的任何一个
如果不只两个人，就变成none of
none,neither一旦出现，这句话就不会再有not
I don't like the book,My sister doesn't like it either.
Neither of us likes it.
nearly：将要
when: 就在此时
I had nearly reached home when I found my mother standing there.
Do you speak English?问的是一个事实 你说英语吗？你是说英语国家的人吗？
Do you swim? 你去游泳吗？ Can you swim?你会游泳吗？
As I learnt. learn:知道，得知
我得知：I learn; 我知道：I know
As we know,the New Concept English is very good.
As＋主语＋动词＋逗号＋句子，As：正如
As I think,it is the coldest day in the year.
As my mother said/As I heard
As he said,English is easy to learn.
himself,反身代词单独放在句尾，起强调作用
I read English myself.
总结
as soon as+从句，表示时间，一...就...
apart from=except for,放在句首，除了什么之外
neither of:两者之间都不，一旦出现，这句话里面不会再出现not
三者或三者以上之间都不：none of
As I learnt,正如......
As sb do sth,一定要加逗号，再加另外一个句子
英语当中的第一句话往往起着概述的作用
有两种方式可以背诵：一种是硬背，另一种是先理解，然后按照事情的发展顺序背
【Key structures】过去完成时
过去完成时：过去的过去或两个动作都在过去，一个动作在前，一个在后，
发生在前的动作为过去完成时
过去完成时一定要以一个过去时态在铺垫，这个动作一定要发生在had done之后
until：直到什么时候为止，直到什么时候才
until，在后面一个从句之前发生了主句
until,主句和从句两个都用一般过去时对，主句和从句然后一个用过去完成是也对
I had not understood the problem until he explained it.
4.We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work.
We didn't disturb him until he had finished work.
We didn't disturb him until he finished work.
after后面会家过去完成时，before后面会加一般过去时
Exercises D
1.The moment后面直接加从句，The moment = as soon as
一般过去时，regretted
2.before引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时
had begun
3.arrived,过去完成是一定要和过去的过去有关
【Special difficulties】
a.ask and ask for
ask sth：问什么什么东西，ask a question/ask sb
ask for sth：要求得到，ask for the answer
c.which of ,either of, neither of ,both of
either of :两者当中的任何一个
neither of：两者都不
which of :那一个，which of the two
both of：两者都
Which of the two do you like?
I want both of them.I want either of them.I want neither of them.
Exercise
2.both of
4.asked,ask for
5.either of,前面有not
【Multiple choice questions】
6....b...
French不可数，不能用many
plenty of：足够多的
not much: a little
not a little: much
7....c....
neither不会和not连用
either：任何一个
both：两个都
neither of,不能说we neither,只能说neither of us
11...b...
responded和replied用法一样
replied后面加宾语一定要加to, answer直接加
9....c...
salute：军礼，军人的问候
10...b...
tramp：流浪汉
hitch hiker：搭便车的人
passenger：乘客，付车钱
12. almost=nearly
just as 正当...时候 ＋时间主语从句
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Lesson 15
Good news
佳音
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★secretary n. 秘书
history
secret
★nervous adj. 精神紧张的
be nervous
worried：为以后的事情担心
upset:不安的
★afford v. 负担得起
afford sth.
I can afford the hoilday.有时间去
afford money/time
afford to do sth.
I can afford five yuan./I can afford the book.
/I can afford to buy the book.
★weak adj. 弱的
★interrupt v. 插话，打断
(n.)interruption
disturb：打扰某人
interrupt：打断某人的话
Sorry to...
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the good news?
The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look
up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not
afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come.
'Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.
'Don't interrupt,' he said.
Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!
参考译文
秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我。我走进他的办公室，感到非常紧张。我进去的时候，他连头也没抬。待我坐下后，他说生意非常不
景气。他还告诉我，公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支，有20个人已经离去。我知道这次该轮到我了。
“哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我无力地说。
“不要打断我的话，”他说。
然后他微笑了一下告诉我说，我每年将得到1,000 英镑的额外收入。
【课文讲解】
look down upon/on sb：瞧不起某人
I look down upon my sister.
I look down 往地上看
The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
collect salary 领薪水
pay salary 支付薪水
so的后面加形容词或副词
such的后面加名词，容许在该名词前面加修饰词
所有的间接引语都是宾语从句
My turn has come.
It is my turn.轮到我了
in a ... voice
in a loud(大声)/low (低声)／weak(心里不踏实)／strong(理直气壮) voice
a year
an extra thousand
再有多少：数量＋extra＋名词
two others
two more/once more
another three days
【Key structures】
间接引语
一、主从一致：主句和从句的时态一致
1.主句的动词为一般现在时，从句为任意时态
2.主句的动词为一般过去时，从句为相对应的过去时态
（过去时：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）
一般现在时—— 一般过去时
现在进行时—— 过去进行时
现在完成时—— 过去完成时
将来完成时—— 过去将来完成时
一般过去时—— 过去完成时
二、人称变化
主要是第一和第二人称变化，设身处地
三、只要属于宾语从句，引导词that考研省略
Exercises B
后面有＂人＂用tell,否则用say
1.told; would come
2.said; had cut
3.told; had never had
4.did; say; had done/would do/did
5.did; tell; had bought
6.said; couldn't
7.said; had worked
8.told; had never written
9.did; say; were busy
10. said; would wait
先根据原句填时态，再把这句话放到整篇文章中检验
【Special difficulties】
office：办公室
study： 书房
desk： 课桌
exercises
1.study
2.office
3.nervous
4.afford
5.irritable
【Multipe choice】
6.....d...
（书面语）my turn has come,(口语)it is my turn
轮到谁：whose turn (is it)?who is next?
10...c...
It's your turn.You're next.
12....
extra,other,more,another
最灵活的是more,two more eggs,once more
more可以放数词和名词之间，甚至可以放在整个名词的后面
extra和other一定放在数词和名词之间，another一定放在数词前面
over sth：超过（多余）什么东西，over three years
up：往上，climb up
【Grammar】
一般过去进行时：跟过去的一个时间或动作同时发生
间接引语
如果是现在进行时在直接引语当中变成间接引语，极有可能选用过去完成时
1.My brother____while he____his bicycle and hurt himself.
A.fell/was riding B.feel/was riding
C.had fallen/rode D.had fallen/was riding
fell(跌下来）,ride（骑自行车） Ａ
2.He____his leg as he_____in a football match.
A.broke/played B.was breaking/was playing
C.broke/was playing D.was breaking/played
break one's leg C
3.My father will be here tomorrow.
I thought that he____today.
A.was coming B.is coming
C.will come D.comes A
be coming表示将要
go/come/leave/arrive的过去进行时态很有可能表达过去将来时态的含义
跟go/come/leave/arrive相连的词一定会用进行时态表示将来时态
4.Jack was going out of the shop when he collided with an old woman
who____
A.come B.was coming
C.had been coming D.had come
collide：相撞，是相对概念 Ｂ
5.Mike couldn't come to the telephone when Mr.Smith called her because
she___C__in the lab.
A.had been working B.has been working
C.was working D.worked
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Lesson 16
A polite request
彬彬有礼的要求
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★park v. 停放（汽车）
parking，stop
stop the car：车在运动中停下来
park：停放
parking area：停车场
★traffic n. 交通
traffic police：交通警
traffic lights：交通灯
first crossing/turning
traffic jam：交通堵塞
in the traffic jam
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam
heavy traffic：繁重的交通
in heavy traffic：交通拥挤
I was ordered to drive in heavy traffic.
★ticket n. 交通违规罚款单
★note n. 便条
message：消息
note：纸条，纸钞
make notes：做笔记
★area n. 地段
area：场地，地段（一块对方）
place：地点
region：地区（交战，开火）
In this region,there were a lot of wars.
★sign n. 指示牌
★reminder n. 提示
remind v.：提示，提醒
remind sb of sth
remind sb to do sth
An older photo can remind me of my childhood.
You remind me of your mother.
reminder：可以指人，可以指物
★fail v. 无视，忘记
fail v.失败
fail＋宾语：失败做某事
fail in doing sth：在某些方面失败
He failed./He failed in examination.
fail to do：没有能够在某事
He failed to swim acrooss the river.
not fail to do sth.一定能够某事
I can not fail to pass it.
You can not fail to drive it.你一定能够驾驶
If you receive a request like this,You can not fail to obey it.
If you arrived in Beijing ,you cannot fail to find the New Oriental
School.
★obey v. 服从
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the polite request?
If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go
without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden,
I found this note on my car: 'sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here if
you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.' If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to
obey it!
参考译文
一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很
客气。有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的
标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。”如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！
【课文讲解】
fail,fail to do sth,not fail to do sth：一定能够做
park：停放
in the wrong place
wrong：不合适的， right：合适的
He is the right person who you are looking for.
They met(A met B)in the wrong place at the wrong time.
You met the wrong person in the wrong place at the wrong time.
真实条件句：假设很有可能发生．If it snows
只要是状语从句，一律用一般现在取代一般将来
如果在条件从句中，从句往往是一般现在时，主句仍然为一般将来时
真实条件句中，从句往往为现在时，主句中会用一般将来时或祈使句
If he is sleeping,don't wake him up.
If 引导的叫条件句，without后面的名词也叫条件句
without+n.：如果没有
Without water,fish cannot live.
however=but,然而
however常常放在句首或句子中都可以，but习惯放在两个句子之间
but转折性语义比较强，however转折语义比较弱
traffic police：交通警
sometimes：有几次，有时，偶尔
on my car
sir,直接称呼的时候不和姓相连
１．表示尊称
２．考研不知道对方姓什么，只要知道对方是男性就可以
welcome sb to+地点：欢迎某人来某地
pay attention to：注意（思想上）
if.真实条件
You will enjoy your stay here,enjoy：享受，stay(n.)
I have enjoyed my stay here.
Enjoy your stay here.
only a reminder==not a ticket
receive a quest like this,cannot fail to obey it
总结
主句会有祈使句，一般将来时，情态动词
without＋名词：如果没有，起了条件的作用
withou your help/rain
however=but,往往一出现，前后都有标点符号隔开，后面会加逗号，but不会
对一个不认识的男士，sir; mister的后面一定要加姓，sir的后面不能加姓
sir/madam
enjoy your stay here
I have enjoyed my stay here.
You cannot fail to obey it:你一定会遵守
【Key Structures】
Exercises C
1.rains,shall do
2.will never pass
3.is
4.will get
5.enjoys, why doesn't跟第三人称连用，是一种建议；why not连在一起表示建议
6.is
【Special difficulties】
a.police,一定会做复数看待
b.pay attention to,care,take care of,look after
pay attention to：思想上注意，notice
care：关心，在意， I don't car：我不在乎，who cares：我不在乎
take care of==look after：照顾，照料
c.remind and remember
remind：提醒，remind sb of sth, remind sb to do sth
remember：记起，记得
(1) Do you remember? remember sth
(2) remember 记得吗？
(3) remember to do sth：记得要去做，remember to send the letter
remember doing sth：记得已经做了,I remembered sending the letter.
Rember sb to your another：前者向后者表示问候
Rember me to your mother：代我向你母亲问好
送行：goodbye
Have you enjoy your stay here? I have enjoyed my stay here.
Remember me to your family.
Today I will meet sb at the airport/station.
Hello,good morning,/afternoon.
Long time no see.
How are you?Fine,thank you,and you?I am fine too,thank you.
Welcome to Beijing.
Exercise
1...pay attention...
look after……look+prep.+宾语
pay attention(to sth.)：注意
只有当你注意的时候，你才会学到东西．
2....remind...
remind sb.of sth.
remind sb.about sth.
think of = think about：思考，考虑
3....are knocking...
4....look after...
照料
5....Remember me...
典型的问候语
＂向某人表达问候＂
【Multiple choice questions】
1...
seldom：很少（否定意思）
hardly：几乎不（否定意思）
occasionally=sometimes：偶尔
I'hardly went there.
6....
No Parking：
park：停放（侧重放）
stop：让运动中的东西停下来
leave sth.here
leave：离开，留下来，丢在某地（一定要加宾语和地点）
I left keys at home.
I left my wallet in the taxi.
7...
only
nothing：东西，事情
no one：人
nothing extra：×
nothing more： √
nothing……不定代词
不定代词的修饰词，要放在不定代词的后面
anything important：重要的事情
It is nothing,他什么都不是．
extra做定语时，一定要放在被修饰词前面 one extra thousand
two more.../...more 可以放在被修饰词前面或后面
9....d...
enjoy的典型用法：主语从宾语身上得到享受
laugh at（sb.)：嘲笑某人
amuse（sb.)：让某人笑出来
please(sb.)：让某人高兴；取悦
可以直接加人的动词：
shock,surprise,amuse,please,worry
共同特征：和人的感觉相连
be worried about：为...担心
I am worried about my house.
My house worries me. 我的房子让我担心。 |
