Lesson 17
Always young
青春常驻
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★appear v. 登场，扮演
appear：显示，露面≠disappear(都是不及物动词）
The plane disappeared.
The plane appeared.
The actor appeared.
appear as：扮演...角色
He appeared as a prince.
on the stage;在舞台上
appear on the stage as....
My aunt appeared on the stage as young girl.
I work as a teacher.
She worked as a nurse.
appear：露面，显得
He appears nervous.
He appears happy.
I appears tired.

★stage n. 舞台
on the stage：在舞台上
in the stage：在某一阶段

★bright adj. 鲜艳的
bright red：鲜红色
bright yellow：明黄色
bright blue：宝蓝色

★stocking n. （女用）长筒袜

★sock n. 短袜

First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why doesn't Aunt Jennifer tell anyone how old she is?

My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage

as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play,

she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a

bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to

be grown up!'

参考译文

我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员，她至少也有35岁了。尽管如此，她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出。这一次，她将

扮演一个17岁的少女。演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。去年在演另一个剧时，她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服

。一旦有人问起她有多大年纪，她总是回答：“亲爱的，长成大人真可怕啊！”

【课文讲解】

actress：女演员
actor：男演员
以-or,-er结尾的，是男性
以-ress结尾的，是女性
waiter：男服务员
waitress：女服务员
prince：王子
princess：公主
god：神　　（God：上帝）
goddess：女神
lion：公狮子
lioness：母狮子
doctor：男医生
woman doctor：女医生
thirty-five years old：三十五岁
must be
must + 动词原形：＂不得不，必须：（对现在的）推测＂
least……little的最高级＂至少，最少＂
at most……＂最多＂
She is fifteen years old.
She must be fifteen years old.
She must be at most fifteen years old.
She must be at least fifteen years old.
She must be a model.
in spite of：尽管
in spite of this：尽管如此
In spite of this,I still like school.
join:参加了某一种团体
take part in :参加某一种活动
attend：出席
　　join the army：参军
　　join the party：入党
　　join us:(口)加入我们中来
　　join sb./sth.
take part in the race：参加比赛
　　take part in a play
take part in the party
attend meeting：参加会议，出席会议
　　attend the party：出席宴会
　　attend class：上课
This time：这一次
a girl of seventeen
She is eighteen years old.
She is a girl of eighteen.
She is a old man of sixty.
must do：必须做 ＝have to; 推测
in……（介词）穿着...样的衣服　（＋颜色、衣服）
用介词短语取代动词，避免了一句话中出现两个动词
The boy in green.
in a bright red dress：鲜红色的连衣裙
long black stocking：长的黑色长筒袜
last year in another play（表示扮演过很多的角色）
had to：必须（不能加介词，＋动词原形）
bright,orange-coloured dress：鲜艳的桔黄色衣服
ever==at any time：任何时候（时间副词）
it must be：一定（推测）
must +原形……对现在的推测
it……形式主语，用不定式做真正的主语
grown up：（形容词短语）成年人
grow up：（人）成长
　　be a grown-up：作为一个成年人
must be thirty-five years old
It is a secret/privacy.
I forget it.

【Key structures】
Must的用法：
Must+原形……(1)＝have to＂不得不，必须＂
　　　　　　 (2)（对现在的）推测
在过去时的句子中，要用have to 来表示＂必须＂
have to……可以有任意时态
She will have to...
She had to...
She has to...
She has/I have had to...
have to……作为实义动词，否定式为don't have to
will not have to
didn't have to
对现在的推测：must do
对过去的推测：must have done
在 I think.he thinks...的从句中，一定要用事实说话。

（３）...b...
in one's opinion=I think　"就某人看来＂
　
【Special difficulties】

(a) As:
As a young girl...(介词)"作为"
As I learned,...(代词)＂正如＂
　As I am busy==because＂由于＂
As I was leaving the house...==when＂当...时＂
　Do as you are told. as……方式状语从句的引导词
　I work as...＂作为...工作＂

(b) Dress,Suit,Costume:
dress：＂裙子，晚礼服，连衣裙＂（女式）
suit：＂套装＂（男式）
costume：＂演出服，民族服装，某一年代所穿的服装＂

(c)Grow,Grow up：
　　grow：＂长＂
grow up：＂生长，成长＂（指人）

Exercises B. Choose the correct words in the following sentences:
(1)...grow...
(2)...suit...
(3)...costume...
fancy-dress-party：化妆舞会
　 hire：雇，租
(4)...dress...
Must:推测；必须＝have to

【Multiple choice questions】

(1)...d...
suggest：暗示
right age：适合的年龄
too...to...：太...以至于不能

(2)...b...
She must be...推测
　 exactly:(副词) 确切地　　　exact words

(7)...
it is + a.+to do... 形式主语＂某人做某件事情..."
It is troublesome to learn English.
　 It is troublesome for us to learn English.
(for sb.)为逻辑主语
　 have to do =...is necessary
You have to go home.=It is necessary for you to go home.

(8).....
appear：扮演
　 seems：看起来，似乎
　 be on show：展览，演出
show：显示，给...看
　 be presented：出席 √
　 be present：出席(≠be absent：缺席)

(11)...a...
instead of：代替
sock：短袜
either...or...：或者...或者
stocking：长筒袜（女用）
neither...nor...：即不...也不...

in stead of 后面的词，往往是没做或不做的事情

(12)....d...
grown up：成年人（的）
　　grow up；成长
　　adolescent：青春期的(13-16岁) adolescent criminal：青春期犯罪
　　teenager：十几岁的人(10-20岁)
adult：成年人

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Lesson 18
           He often does this!
             他经常干这种事！

这一课省略不讲，自己看。

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★pub  n. 小酒店
★landlord  n. 店主
★bill  n. 帐单

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    What had happened to the writer's bag?

    After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't

there! As I was looking for it, the landlord came in.
    'Did you have a good meal?" he asked.
    'Yes, thank you,' I answered, 'but I can't pay the bill. I haven't got my bag.'
    The landlord smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me.
    'I'm very sorry,' he said. 'My dog had taken in into the garden. He often does this!'

参考译文

    我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后，就找我的提包。我曾把它放在门边的椅子上，可这会儿不见了！当我正在寻找时，酒店老板走了进来。
    “您吃得好吗？”他问。
    “很好，谢谢。”我回答，“但我付不了帐，我的提包没有了。”
    酒店老板笑了笑，马上走了出去。一会儿工夫他拿着我的提包回来了，把它还给了我。
    “实在抱歉，”他说，“我的狗把它弄到花园里去了，他常干这种事！”

have的用法：
have dinner,have a cigarette,have coffee,have a holiday,have a good time
have a swim,have a rest
have a pen,have a headache
have做＂有，患病＂概念时，可作为实义动词，也可作为非实义动词。
疑问句和否定句构成：
　　实义动词：通过助动词
　　非实义动词：直接加not

have只能作为非实义动词，如果一个词是以完成时态出现的
have只能作为实义动词
　　I have a holiday.
    I don't have a holiday.

【Key structures】

Exercises C 
In which of these sentences can we put the verb got after have?
三种情况：那些时候have 可以用 have got取代
①　I have a pen. I have got a pen.＂有＂
②　I have a headache.  I have got a headache.＂得病＂
③　have to
以上三种情况have ==have got
⑴...不换...
⑵...换...
    有钱
⑶...换...
⑷...不换...
     进行
⑸...换...
     患病
⑹...不换...
  have a good/long time：过的愉快
⑺...换...
⑻...换...
    has to
⑼...不换...
  have a swim,have a bath
⑽...换...
⑾...换...
⑿...不换...
  have a letter from==receive a letter from 收到

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Lesson 19
                 Sold out
                 票已售完
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★hurry  v. 匆忙
in a hurry(n.)：匆忙
If you are not in a hurry. (时间、动作上的)
If you are not busy. (行为上的）
in no hurry(n.)：不匆忙
I am in no hurry.
hurry up(v.)：快点
go to：去
hurry to：匆匆忙忙地去
　　He goes to school.=He hurries to school.
come in：进来
hurry in：匆匆忙忙地进来
go out：出去
hurry out：匆匆忙忙地出去

★ticket office 售票处

★pity  n. 令人遗憾的事
pity(n.)
  What a pity!  真遗憾
　It is a pity.
  It is pity to be grown up. (it做形式主语)
  It is a pity to steal a bicycle.
  I am sorry(a.). 我感到很遗憾。
  I am sorry to hear that.

★exclaim  v. 大声说
shout：大声喊＝cry,call out

★return  v. 退回
return to：回来
ruturn money：还钱　　＝pay back,repay

★sadly  adv. 悲哀地，丧气地
涵盖了所有悲哀

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    When will the writer see the play?

    'The play may begin at any moment,' I said.
    'It may have begun already,' Susan answered.
    I hurried to the ticket office. 'May I have two tickets please?' I asked.
    'I'm sorry, we've sold out,' the girl said.
    'What a pity!' Susan exclaimed.
    Just then, a man hurried to the ticket office.
    'Can I return these two tickets?' he asked.
    'Certainly,' the girl said.
    I went back to the ticket office at once.
    'Could I have those two tickets please?' I asked.
    'Certainly,' the girl said, 'but they're for next Wednesday's performance. Do you still want them?'
    'I might as well have them,' I said sadly.

参考译文

    “剧马上就要开演了，”我说。
    “也许已经开演了呢，”苏珊回答说。
    我匆匆赶到售票处，问：“我可以买两张票吗？”
    “对不起，票已售完。”那位姑娘说。
    “真可惜！”苏珊大声说。
    正在这时，一个男子匆匆奔向售票处。
    “我可以退掉这两张票吗？”他问。
    “当然可以，”那姑娘说。
    我马上又回到售票处。
    “我可以买那两张票吗？”我问。
    “当然可以，不过这两张票是下星期三的，您是否还要呢？”
    “我还是买下的好，”我垂头丧气地说。

【课文讲解】

at any moment：在任何时候，随时
at the moment：＝now
at that moment：＝just then 就在那时
　　　I will help you at any time.
may+动词原形　＂可能＂
may (must,can't) have done……对过去的推测
must,can't,may+动词原形，表示对现在、未来的推测
must：一定，很可能　　She must be a model.
may：有可能           She may be a model.
can't：不可能         She can't be a model.
          She must(may,can't) have been a model.
          I must have watched TV.
          I may have watched TV.
          I can't have watched TV.
I hurried to the ticket office. 匆忙地
May I do...?  我可以吗？
have 是最活跃的词，可以指任何的意思。
　have coffee：喝咖啡
　have ticket：买票　（习惯用法）
　I'll have/take sth.　我买...
  sell out：卖完了
what a pity!　真令人遗憾！
Can(May) I...?  我可以...吗？
Can you...?  你可以...吗？
Could I...? 我现在可以...吗？（更委婉的说法）
they指tickets
for next Wednesday's performance
用名词所有格来取代时间：＂...时间的＂
用介词for
  ticket for＋事情
  ticket to＋地点
　May I have a tickett to Tianjing?
  May I have a ticket for the spots meeting?
still：还……可以和任意时态连用
　　still，yet……都和完成时态连用
might as well,may as well+动词原形，＂还是...好＂（无可奈何）
had better：＂最好＂＋动词原形（积极心态）
　　I might as well take the umbrella with me.

共有的概念＂推测＂
十七课：对现在的推测
十九课：对现在和过去的推测
不在于must,may,can't是什么时态，而在于后面加的是原形还是have done。
加原形是对现在的推测，加have done对过去的推测。
  may：⑴推测＂可能＂
　　   ⑵＂可以＂
   　  ⑶ may,might 对语气的强弱
may as well=might as well＂还是...好＂
上述说讲是对现在和未来的推测，对过去的推测用虚拟语气

【Multiple choice question】

2.(d)
　be pleased to do 对...感到开心
　might as well
  be pleased to
  be too pleased to 太高兴
　be not too pleased to
  too...to...(too old to learn太老而不能学)
  not too...to...(not too old to learn 不是太老还可以学）

3.(c)
may+动词原形；对现在或未来动作的推测
　
7.(c)
9.(c)