Lesson 20
            One man in a boat
                独坐孤舟
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★catch  v. 抓到
catch fish,catch thief
catch cold：染上感冒
catch a bus：赶车
catch one's breath：摒住呼吸
catch sight of(see)：看见
catch fire：着火
catch one's eyes：吸引某人注意力

★fisherman  n. 钓鱼人，渔民

★boot  n.  靴子
a pair of boots

★waste  n. 浪费
You are wasting time.
a waste of
It is a waste of time.

★realize  v. 意识到
I realized that I was wrong.
实现，realize one's dream

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    Why is fishing the writer's favourite sport?

    Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some

fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch

anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must

give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really

interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!

参考译文

    钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动。我经常一钓数小时却一无所获，但我从不为此烦恼。有些垂钓者就是不走运，他们往往鱼钓不到，却钓上

来些旧靴子和垃圾。我的运气甚至还不及他们。我什么东西也未钓到过 -- 就连旧靴子也没有。我总是在河上呆上整整一上午，然后空着袋子

回家。“你可别再钓鱼了！”我的朋友们说，“这是浪费时间。”然而他们没有认识到重要的一点，我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣，我感兴趣的

只是独坐孤舟，无所事事！

【课文讲解】

fish一般情况下作为不可数名词用
There are a lot of fishes（表示种类）in the sea.
fish(v.)：钓鱼，捕鱼
主语通常由名词和代词充当，以及动词＋ing
for+时间……表示一段时间
for hours=for some hours
without(prep.)
介词后面一定要加宾语
动词＋ing：1.做主语；2.做宾语
anything用在否定句中
without作为状语而出现，表示结果状语
He went out without saying any words.
Without asking for money,the boy went to school.
without 后面的动作是主语来做
(v.)worry sb. The house worried me.
              My daughter worried me.
(adj.)be worried about 主语为宾语而感到担心 
 I was never worried about this.
instead of 后面的词一定是没有做的，可以放在主句后面
without强调没有做某件事，instead of强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事
我原准备做……但是后来做了……
I go to school instead of staying at home.
I bought books instead of buying dresses.
less+原级 (不如) : A is less ... than B
spend+时间+在某地：在某地度过……时间
after(conj.)+从句，从句主语必须是主句的主语才能换成下面一种形式
after(prep.)+名词／动词的ing形式
After I go to school,I learned a lot of knowledge.
After going to school,I learned a lot of knowledge.
with: 带着
without；没带
give up doing/stop doing：放弃做某事
be interested in 主语对什么感兴趣
在船上　in the boat
not at all在否定句中起强调作用

【Key structures】
动词＋ing(非谓语动词)可以做主语和宾语
b.  be keen on,be fond of,be interested in,enjoy+动词ing
    be afraid of
    be up to ,be capable of
    without, instead of
c. I apologize.
   apologize for (not) doing sth.
   thank you for...
   congratulate sb. on doing sth.

Exercises C

1.without
without prep.+ doing
He went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.

2.instead of
She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.
＝She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes.

3.of
She was afraid of spending the night alone.

4.after
after＋从句；after prep.+doing
After hearing the news,she fainted.

5.before
Think carefully before answering my question.
在回答我的问题之前，请仔细考虑。

6.on
as soon as 依旧：as soon as I entered...
the moment +从句：the moment I had entered
on prep.+doing
On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.(冲进掩护体)

【Special difficulties】

Exercises
1. I realized...意识到

2. ...It's impossible...to understand its meaning
  its形容词性物主代词
  it's = it is; it作形式主语

3....exciting news...
excited 　感动的
exciting　令人激动的
on the radio 在广播上
Eg.：I got news on the radio.
      on TV; on the telephone; on the line

4....an interesting person
interested 感兴趣的
interesting 有趣的

5. ...an exciting life
lead a life 过着...日子
lead a happy life
Eg.；He leads a poor life.
excited 感到激动的
exciting 令人激动的
如果 -ed,-ing 做形容词定语，和被修饰词有关

6....not interested  in ... affairs.
interested　感兴趣的
interesting 有趣的
be interested in 对……感兴趣

【Multiple choice question】

2. ...enjoys...C
catching fish 抓鱼
fishing　钓鱼
doing nothing　什么都不做
swimming in the river　在河里游泳
enjoying doing/enjoy + n.
I enjoy books.
I enjoy reading books.

6. ...He has...B
an empty bag
one empty bag
an　指一个，强调名词
one　一个，强调 one
I have a garden.
I have one garden.
强调empty bag
I sent a letter.
I wrote one word.

7. ...That's...C
（that's/the) only 一般加名词
that+从句，从句往往以特殊疑问词引导
that's why
that's when
that's all 那就是一切
That's all(I heard).
That's all I can remember.
the one 指东西

11. ...D
go home 习惯用法
go to the house　语法正确
Where are you going?
Where are you going to?

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Lesson 21
               Mad or not?
               是不是疯了
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★mad  adj.  发疯
sb is mad.
mad 为...而疯狂
be mad about
I'm mad about English.
crazy 为……而疯狂的
be crazy about
go insance
I slowly go insance.
go+adj.　变得...
They are going bananas. =go crazy=go mad

★reason  n. 原因
as+句子
because+句子
for this reason 由于这个理由、原因
For this reason,I was late.

★sum  n. 量
a great many + 可数名词复数
a large ...
a great number of + 可数名词复数
plenty of 足够的
a sum of　一笔
a large sum of　大量的
a large sum of money

★determined  adj. 坚定的，下决心的
determine v.下定决心
make up one's mind
decide to do sth.
make a decision：decision
make a decision to do sth.
be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事

　First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    Why do people think the writer is mad?
 
    Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport

was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred

people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this

house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to

stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.

参考译文

    飞机正在逐渐把我逼疯。我住在一个机场附近，过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。机场是许多年前建的，但由于某种原因当时未能启用。然而去年

机场开始使用了。有100多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去，我是少数留下来的人中的一个。有时我觉得这房子就要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒。

他们曾向我提供一大笔钱让我搬走，但我决定留在这儿。大家都说我肯定是疯了，也许他们说的是对的。

Mad or not? = mad or not mad（省略）？
or not 在疑问词的后面，表示是还不是，选择概念
Why do people think the writer is mad?
drive sb. mad 逼某人发疯
drive v.　驾驶，开车
You are driving me mad.
The teacher is slowly driving me mad.
night and day 日日夜夜
passing planes 过往飞机；pass v.passing 作定语；正在经过的
sleeping baby 正在睡觉的小孩
waiting car　正在等待的车
be built
years ago = many years ago
for some reason　由于某个理由
some + 可数名词单数；some　表示某一个
some＋不可数名词单数：一些 some water
some＋可数名词复数：一些 some books
some＋可数名词单数：某一 some book
however 用于句首，句中，用逗号隔开
come into use : into prep.;　use n.投入使用；主动概念，没有被动式
be used 被动表示　被使用
over a hundred ...
must have done 过去发生，推测
must have been done　被动
drive　逼
away from 从某地离开
their homes　他们的家；house　房子/home 家
by the noise 被噪音
over a hundred people 主语
must have been done 谓语
away from　从某地离开；out of somewhere 从某地出来
one of ... 之一
left：leave　过去分词，表示被留下来的
left作定语放在被修饰词的后面，剩下的……东西
I have a bag left.
There is ten cents left in my pocket.
will be done 被动语态的将来时态
knock down　撞到
offter：given, give sb. sth./give sth.to sb.双宾语
双宾语的被动语态：主语有两种可能；以sb.做主语或以sth.做主语
被动语态的标志　be done
give sb. sth.
被动　sb. be given sth.
give sth. to sb.
被动 sth. be given to sb.
用离动词最近的宾语做主语
原文句型结构 sb. be offered sth.
to不定式表示目的
go away :leave
be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事
Everybody says...
从句　I must be mad
they are probably right.他们也许是对的
probably adv.很可能

文章重点
1. 复杂句型结构：over a hundred people...
2. 双宾语的被动语态
3. drive sb.away from somewhere; drive sb. mad
4. passing plane; -ing作定语，表示正在

【Special difficulties】

drive v. 开车，驾驶
drive to　开车去往某地
I drove to Tianjing yesterday
drive sb. mad 逼疯
drive sb. away from　把某人赶走
drive sb. out of　把某人赶出去
drive sb. back　撵回去

home & house
home 带有感情色彩的
house 就是房子
1...get home 到家
 home adv./house n.
get to 表示到达
2...of houses...
3...a house...
4...at home
at home 固定短语，在家

【Multiple choice question】

4.it 形式主语
it＋be动词＋形容词＋to do
D正确
be able to强调主语能够做某事
it+be动词+表语
5.must have been down：
对过去的一种被动语态的推测
must have down：对过去的一种推测
I'm sure  I think
9.a large sum of money
A正确　　　amount of
an amount of+不可数
plenty of
10.be going to；打算、计划
want to
喜欢　I want to

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Lesson 22
            A glass envelope
                玻璃信封

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★dream  v. 做梦，梦想
have a dream
dream a dream
have a good dream
sweat
Have a good/sweat dream.
She is daydreaming.
daydreaming：思想开小差
dream of doing something
think of：想、考虑
dream of：梦想
I dreamed of flying in the sky.
dream on 继续做梦，痴心妄想
dream boat：梦中情人，梦寐以求的

★age  n. 年龄
teengager：十几岁的人

★channel  n. 海峡

★throw  v. 扔，抛
threw  thrown
throw away 扔掉

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    How did Jane receive a letter from a stranger?

    My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were

travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the

bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both

girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post office. Letters will cost a little more,

but they will certainly travel faster.

参考译文

    我的女儿简从未想过会接到荷兰一位同龄姑娘的来信。去年，当我们横渡英吉利海峡时，简把写有她姓名和住址的一张纸条装进了一只瓶

子，又将瓶子扔进了大海。此后她就再没去想那只瓶子。但10个月以后，她收到了荷兰一位姑娘的来信。现在这两位姑娘定期通信了。然而她

们还是决定利用邮局。这样会稍微多花点钱，但肯定是快得多了。

【课文讲解】
同位语　My daughter　 Jane
of one's own age   He is boy of my own age.
with　放在名词后面做定语
I have a bag with books in it.
with 放在句子后面做状语用
think of：考虑　　　dream of：梦想
write to：给某人写信　　write to me
each other：相互－往往强调两者之间的相互
one another：强调三或三者以上的相互
will cost     will travel
一旦用cost,主语一定是物
something cost somebody
more：即可做形容词，又可做代词　　　give me more
a little　可以修饰比较级：稍微
much more：多的多
It's a little hotter.  It's much hotter.
It's expensive.       That is more expensive.
That is a little more expensive.
That is much more expensive.
much faster 快的多

【Multiple choice questions】

3.dream of/dream that...
  (d)
8. go on a trip 进行旅行
  (c)
9.(d)
a lump of paper：一团纸
a tube of paper：一管纸
a bar of：一条，一块
a piece of paper/a sheet of paper　一张纸
10.(a)
7.(a)