★rude  adj. 无礼的
polite
以p开头的形容词的否定句前缀im
impolite:没有注意到礼节性的问题
rude:故意的
cheeky:小孩对长辈
native

★mirror  n. 镜子
look up sth.in the dictionary
look at oneself in the mirror
His novel is a mirror of his time.
...的写照,   ...的真实反映

★hole  n. 孔
hole in

★remark  v. 评说
say

★remind  v. 提醒
remind sb.of sth.
remind sb.to do sth.
reminder

★lighthouse  n. 灯塔

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    What kind of shopping does the writer enjoy, do you think?

    'Do you call that a hat?' I said to my wife.
    'You needn't be so rude about it,' my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror.
    I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my

wife was still in front of the mirror.
    'We mustn't buy things we don't need,' I remarked suddenly. I regretted saying it almost at once.
    'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered. 'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.'
    'I find it beautiful,' I said. 'A man can never have too many ties.'
    'And a woman can't have too many hats,' she answered.
    Ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse!

参考译文

    “你把那个叫帽子吗？”我对妻子说。
    “你说话没必要这样不客气，”我的妻子边回答边照着镜子。
    我坐在一个新式的满是网眼儿的椅子上，等待着。我们在这家帽店已经呆了半个小时了，而我的妻子仍在镜子面前。
    “我们不应该买我们不需要的东西，”我突然发表意见说，但马上又后悔说了这话。
    “你没必要这么说，”我妻子回答说，“我也不必提醒你昨天买的那条糟糕透了的领带。”
    “我觉得它好看，”我说，“男人有多少领带也不会嫌多。”
    “女人有多少帽子也不嫌多。”她回答。
    10分钟以后，我们一道走出了商店。我妻子戴着一顶像灯塔一样的帽子。

【课文讲解】

need
call sb.sth.    call that
be rude        be rude about sth.     be rude to sb.
Don't be rude to me.
needn't: 不必
on the chair
He has been there.
bookstore   drugstore
must表示必须     mustn't不能,不准
We mustn't buy things.   We don't need things.
needn't
need的否定形式:needn't   don't need
regretted doing sth.
needn't have done:原本不必做,但是做了
You needn't have bought it.
remind sb.of sth.
needn't have done:强调过去的动作不必做
needn't do:现在的动作也不必做
never=not too
I can never thank you too much.:感激不尽
Drinking water can never be too clean.
A wife can never complain too much.

need:需要
needn't:非实义动词,情态动词,无时态变化的,也没有人称
don't need:实义动词有任意一种时态,有人称变化
Need I...?               Do I need...?
情态动词后面一定要加动词原型
在实义动词后面再加一个实义动词,就在后面加to do
Need I go out?      Do I need to go out?
情态动词后面不能直接用名词做宾语
实义动词后面可以直接加名词
We don't need things...
You don't need to be

He...follow me.    C
A) don't need   B) needn't to  C) didn't need to  D) needs

1.情态动词,不时态和人称
2.情态动词的疑问句和否定句都直接加not或提前
3.情态动词后面只能加动词原型
needn't have done;过去不必做,但是做了
mustn't:不准
can't:不可能
You don't ...:事实

【Key structrues】

must可能等于have to表示必须,不等于have to时表示推测

1.对现在和将来加原型
2.对正在be doing
3.对过去have done
4.对过去正在have been doing

needn't=don't have to

Exercises
1.mustn't
2.mustn't
3.needn't
4.needn't
5.mustn't    be bad for    Smoking is bad for your health.

【Special difficulties】

observe:仔细的看
remark/notice
notice:看
remark:说

1...remarked...

2...noticed...

3..remarkes...
make rude remarks(粗话)
call one's name:骂人
say F(****) words

4...notice....
fail to do:没有能够,表示强烈的肯定,not fail to
You can not fail to notice it.

【Multiple choice questions】

3....
Do you have to...? Yes,I do/No,I don't
have to:必须
Do you have to...? No ,I don't have to do sth.
mustn't:不能,  don't have to:不必
must=have to, 必须
I don't need to do sth.
英文中要么助动词之后所有的东西都省略,要么省到不定式标志
Would you like to do sth? Yes, I'd like to.
No, I don't/No, I don't need  to.
Do you want to go to school?yes,I do./Yes, I want to.
Would you like to see the menu?Yes, I'd like to.
Would you like some bananas?Yes,I'd like.
Do you need the hat?No,I needn't.

7....
can never:不可能=can't
unable:不可能;be able(unable) to
impossible
improbable:不太可能,probably:很有可能
incapable:没有能力   be capable of

8....
reflect:发射, reflection:发射的东西
idol:偶像
imagination:想像
picture:照片,图画

11.....
wear/dress/put on/have on
wear(状态)
dress(动作),dress sb:给某人穿衣服
put on(动作)
have sth on(状态)
She is in a green coat
be in+衣服(状态)

12....
match:与...相配
liken:与...做比较,compare,liken sth to another thing
We liken the hat to a lighthouse.
resemble:象,vt.  A resemble B
appear:显得, similar:与...相似, be similar to
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Lesson 42
           Not very musical
             并非很懂音乐
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★musical  adj. 精通音乐的

★market  n. 市场，集市

★snake charmer  玩蛇者（通常借音乐控制）

★pipe  n. （吹奏的）管乐器
pipe:两头通的东西

★tune  n. 曲调

★glimpse  n. 一瞥
have a glimpse of:瞥了一眼
glance at:扫了一眼
have a glimpse of:映入眼帘
glance at(有意识)
have a glimpse of(无意识)

★snake  n. 蛇

★movement  n. 动作
action:采取行动
move:移动

★continue  v. 继续
begin/start/continue to do
begin/start/continue doing
I continue to go/going on.
continue+sth
Let's continue our trip.
Let's continue our journey.

★dance  v. 跳舞
dance to the music;
随着音乐跳舞

★obviously  adv. 显然
obviously=clearly
Obviously you are wrong.
Obviously I love you.

★difference  n. 差别
tell the difference between A and B:区别差异
Can you tell the difference between them?
be different from A is different from B
differ v.
Jazz:爵士乐
Indian music:印度音乐

★Indian  adj. 印度的

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    What happened when the snake charmer began to play jazz?

    As we had had a long walk through one of the markets of old Delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest. After a time,

we noticed a snake charmer with two large baskets at the other side of the square, so we went to have a look at him. As soon

as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and opened one of the baskets. When he began to play a

tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake. It rose out of the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe. We were

very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz and modern pop songs. The snake, however, continued to

'dance' slowly. It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz!

参考译文

    当我们穿过旧德里的市场时走了很长一段路，我们在一个广场上停下来休息。过了一会儿，我们注意到广场的那一边有一个带着两个大筐

的耍蛇人，于是就走过去看看。他一见我们，就拿起了一个长长的上面镶有硬币的管乐器，并掀开了一个筐的盖子。当他开始吹奏一支曲子时

，我们才第一次看到那条蛇。它从筐里探出身子，随着乐器的摆动而扭动。当耍蛇人突然又吹奏起爵士乐和现代流行乐曲时，我们感到非常惊

奇。然而那蛇却还是缓慢地“舞动”着。显然，它分辨不出印度音乐和爵士乐！

【课文讲解】

have a walk/rest/look

have a + 名词, 这个名词与此同时可以跟动词是同形的
have a swim/bath
have a bath=bathe,have a swim=swim

have a walk=walk
have a look=look
have a rest=rest

Sometions we can use have+noun in place of an ordinary verb.

have a+名词=动词

一个动词的后面会加介词(如果这个动词是不及物动词),这个名词的后面,动词能加什么样的介词,名词也可以加什么样的介词

loo at->have a look at; walk across->hav ea walk across
succeed in doing sth->be successful in->success in

to 放在一个句子的后面起目的的作用

at the other side of

be covered with : 盖满

play a tune ,play music
tune,可数名词; music 不可数名词

have a (first)glimpse of
at the first sight
I love you at the first sight of you.

rise:升 vi.
raise:提高 vt.

follow the movements of the pipe

very much surprised

obviously更习惯放在句首

have a glimpse of

have a + 名词, 这个名词能有一个同形的动词,动词能加什么,名词就加什么

【Key structures】

have a +名词=相对应的动词,have是实义动词

rode on  a horse ->had a ride on a horse

was looking at ->was having a look at

washed->had a wash

swam->had swim

fought->had fight

quarrelling->having a quarrel

tried again->had another try

sleep well->have a good sleep

have a + 名词=相对应的动词,后面能加相对应的介词短语

pick:采摘,pick apples
pick up:拣起,发现
pick sb up:接某人(顺路), meet sb+地点:专程接
pick up a lot of English=learn a lot of English
pick out;挑出来
pick up the radio program(the program on the radio)
在广播上收听节目

Exercise

2....______.
by doing....通过做某事,通过某种方式
by train 乘火车
by the river 沿着河边
by the end of....到……时候为止
I show him my respect by sending him flowers.

3...______...
so as to...为了,表示目的
to不定式做状语表目的
in order 在次序中,有次序的,整洁的,整齐的
Keep your room in order
in order to +v.:为了
in order that+从句:为了

Answer: D

7...It_____
might not 可能不
may not 可能不
must not 不准
wasn't able to 不能
Answer :D

【语法精粹】 Nouns

1. Julie went to the______to buy a pair of shoes.
A.shoes store    B.shoe's store
C.shoe store     D.shoes' store
Answer: C
表示类别的商店,用单数名词修饰

2.As a safety precaution,all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a_____bill.
A.ten-dollar        B.ten-dollars
C.tens-dollar       D.ten-dollar's
cab drivers=taxi drivers
bill纸币
有连字符连接的单词没有复数,连字符单词做定语
Answer: A

3.Recently,he has lost all his____at cards.
A.wage and saving       B.wages and saving
C.wage and savings      D.wages and savings
wage 薪水  ;  saving 积蓄
Answer:  D

4.I want_____.
A.a dollar worth candy        B.candy a dollar's worth
C.a dollar's worth of candy   D.a dollar worth's candy

a dollar's worth of n.
Answer :C

5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually ____an effect
on his development.
A.have   B.had   C.do    D.has

have an effect on  ...对……有效果
grow up 成长
in 连接作用
The surroundings 做主语
a child grows up 定语从句
Answer: A
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Lesson 43
          Over the South Pole
               飞越南极
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★pole  n.  （地球的）极
South Pole 南极
North Pole 北极
Pole Star 北极星

★flight  n. 飞行

★explorer  n. 探险家
explore v.探险
exploration n.(科研相关)探险,探求,开发
adventure  n.冒险(追求刺激)
venture n. 冒险(为了财富,没有生命保障)

★lie  v. 处于
tell a lie 撒谎
lie n.谎言; lie v.撒谎 Eg.:You lied. You,liar!
lie,lied,lied 撒谎
lie/lai/,lay/lei/,lain/lein/处于,位于
stay in bed/lie in bed 躺在床上
in bed 介词短语, lie vi.
lie 现在分词--> lying
lay v. 放,放置;  lay an egg  下一个蛋
lay vt. lay sth. 放,放置
lay,laid,laid

hang,hung,hung 挂,悬挂
hang,hanged,hanged, 绞刑

You lied!
You lied to me.
LIe in bed

★serious  adj. 严重的

★point  n. 地点
point 点,一般指从飞机上向下看的点
地点  place,spot
dot 点
@-> at

★seem  v. 似乎
seem + as if
seem + adv.
seem   to be
seem   that...
Eg. : He seems rich.
      He seems to be rich.
      It seems that he is rich.
it seems that...看起来似乎...
seem as if 看起来似乎
Eg.: He seems as if he had never lived in England before.

★crash  v. 坠毁
crash(从上向下掉)
aircrash 空难
strike 撞击
clash 撞击,冲突

★sack  n. 袋子

★clear  v. 越过
over越过(距离)
clear(凌空)越过
go over飞跃
clear the mountain 飞跃山峰
The horse cleared the fense.

★aircraft  n. 飞机

★endless  adj. 无尽的

★plain  n. 平原
mountains 高山
plain girl 平凡的女孩
Eg.: I'm a plain girl.

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    How was the plane able to clear the mountains?

    In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the

South Pole for the first time. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains

that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. It could

only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The

plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South

Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white

plains without difficulty.

参考译文

    美国探险家 R.E. 伯德在飞越北极3年之后，于1929年第一次飞越了南极。虽然开始时伯德和他的助手们拍下了飞机下面连绵群山的大量照

片，但他们很快就陷入了困境。在有个地方，飞机似乎肯定要坠毁了。只有在飞至10,000英尺的高度时，它才能飞过这些山头。伯德马上命令

他的助手们把两个沉重的食物袋扔掉，于是飞机可以上升了，它在离山头400英尺的高度飞越了过去。伯德这时知道他能够顺利飞抵300英里以

外的南极了，因为前面再没有山了。飞机可以毫无困难地飞过这片茫茫无际的白色原野！

Exercises:
can...可能性
be able to...可能性,成功地做

4.....a...
could与过去时态有关,强调可能性
be able to强调成功地做
用过去式表达,表示在过去发生
过去完成时,强调在过去的过去

5...d...
could rise...有可能,不知道结果
might rise...可能
might succeed in rising...可能成功地做
rose...没有情态单词,表示已经成为事实

6...d...
be able to
was/were able to ……表示这个动作在过去成功地做
will be able to……将来可能会成=can