★smash-and-grab
n.   砸橱窗抢劫
smash: (vt.)break sth.into pieces violently
       (vi.)The dishes smashed on the floor.
smash into: 撞击到某处
grab: seize suddenly
catch: get hold of sth./sb moving
snatch: catch sth./sb. suddenly and violently
seize: 强调抓住、抓到的结果　Fear seized her.
grasp: 强调“掌握”
hold： 强调抓牢、抓紧

     ★arcade
n.   有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）

     ★Piccadilly
n.   皮卡迪利大街

     ★jewllery
n.   珠宝（总称）

     ★necklace
n.   项链

     ★ring
n.   戒指

     ★background
n.   背景
on the background of sth.
background information
a man of excellent background

     ★velvet
n.   天鹅绒，丝绒

     ★headlight
n.   （汽车等）前灯

     ★blare
v.   发嘟嗜声，吼叫

     ★staff
n.   全体工作人员

     ★raid
n.   偷袭

     ★scramble
n.   偷袭

     ★scramble
v.   爬行
scramble(vi.): creep quickly
climb(vt.): 爬上
mount: 登上

     ★fantastic
adj. 非常大的
fantastic: very great /large
           strange
           wonderful

     ★ashtray
n.   烟灰缸
         
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How did Mr. Taylor try to stop the thieves?

    The expensive shops in a famous near Piccadilly were just "opening. At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty. Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new display. Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o'clock and had only just finished. Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet. After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.
    The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its home blaring, roared down the arcade. It came to a stop outside the jeweller's. One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stocking over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars. While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs. He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window. Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade. One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain. The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed. Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, but it was impossible to stop the thieves. They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.

参考译文

    皮卡迪利大街附近的一条著名拱廊街道上，几家高档商店刚刚开始营业。在早晨的这个时候，拱廊街上几乎空无一人。珠宝店主泰勒先生正在欣赏新布置的橱窗。他手下两名店员从早上8点就开始忙碌，这时刚刚布置完毕。钻石项链、戒指漂亮地陈列在黑色丝绒上面。泰勒先生站在橱窗外凝神欣赏了几分钟就回到了店里。
    宁静突然被打破，一辆大轿车亮着前灯，响着喇叭，呼啸着冲进了拱廊街，在珠宝店门口停了下来。一人留在驾驶座上，另外两个用黑色长筒丝袜蒙面的人跳下车来。他们用铁棒把商店橱窗的玻璃砸碎。这开始发生时，泰勒先生正在楼上。他与店员动手向窗外投掷家具，椅子，桌子飞落花流水在拱廊街上。一个窃贼被一尊很重的雕像击中，但由于他忙着抢钻石首饰，竟连疼痛都顾不上了。这场抢劫只持续了3分钟，因为窃贼争先恐后地爬上轿车，以惊人的速度开跑了。就在轿车离开的时候，泰勒先生从店里冲了出来，跟在车后追赶，一边还往车上扔烟灰缸、花瓶。但他已无法抓住那些窃贼了。他们已带着价值数千镑的首饰逃之夭夭了。

【课文讲解】

介词短语修饰shops

The shoe shop im my neighborhood was just opening.

BeiJing,our capital,is develping enormously(at fantastic speed).

运用ing形式结构，其逻辑主语要和主句的主语保持一致

本课的重点结构句式：with的符合结构: with its headlights on and its horn blaring.
如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，应该采用动词的ing形式；
如果是动宾关系，应该采用过去分词形式作宾补；
如果是说明当时的情况，常用形容词、副词、介词短语表明宾语的状态
如果表达某事将要展开发生，要用动词不定式to.

She sat staring into the distance with tears streaming down her cheeks.
She stood there with her hands resting on her hips
He ran into the room with his face covered with tears
With his hornework finished,he felt happy.
He used to sleep with all the windows open.
He went out with his hat on.
With the meeting over,we went home.
He came in with a knife in his hand.
Tow others with black stockings over their faces jumped out.
With a lot of work to do,he can't to to the cinema.

with用于句首或句尾，常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等；
如果跟在名词之后，是用来修饰限定该名词
a thief with stocking over his face
a teacher with a book under his arm
a room with the windows open

come to 后面常接名词，表示达到
come to a stop,come to an end,come to a decision,come to an agreement,come to an understanding,come to success,come to fame
停车 stop,draw up ,pull up
at the barber's,at the butcher's,at the baker's,at the greengrocer's,at the grocer's,at the stationer's,at the tobacconist's,at the chemist's

help oneself to: 自便
My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.

at a fantastic speed/at a tremendous speed/at a high(full)speed
with great speed.

hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel

【Special difficulties】
World building
前缀构词法
如何运用常见的前缀
dis-   agreeable     disagreeable      content     discontent
       graceful      disgraceful       honest      dishonest
       satisfactory  dissatisfactory
dis还可以加在名词前
　　　　agreement   disagreement
        honesty     dishonesty
        ability     disability
        grace       disgrace
        comfort     discomfort
dis可以加在动词前
　　　　agree       disagree
        appear      disappear
        believe     disbelieve
dis--还可表示除去、解除　　在名词前加dis得到动词形式
courage           discourage
root              disroot
mask              dismask
burden            disburden

il--加在以i开头的形容词之前
legal       illegal        logical         illogical
literate    illiterate

im--加在以b,m,p开头的形容词之前
possible           impossible
mortal             immortal
moral              immoral
balanced           imbalanced

ir-加在以r开头的形容词之前
regular        irregular          rational     irrational
resistible     irresistlble

in--主要用于其它字母开头的词之前
human         inhuman           correct         incorrect
justice       injustice         sincere         insincere

un--只能用于形容词和动词之前
不
happy      unhappy         friendly      unfriendly
lucky      unlucky
无
conditional   unconditional    limited      unlimited
非
official      unofficial       just         unjust
未，主要用于过去分词之前
undecided     unfinished       unexpected   unhurt
用于动词之前表示做相反的动作
lock     unlock        tie       untie
cover    uncover       pack      unpack
dress    undress       load      unload

Exercise
1.polite    impolite       2.agree     disagree
3.legible   illegible      4.accurate  inaccurate
5.locked    unlocked       6.regular   irregular

【Mutiple choice questions】

1.B正确　　on one's way to do
He is on the way to become a lawyer.

2.A正确　　warn somebody out of one's way   in one's way

3.C正确

4.名词具有修饰词的时候，语序的排列顺序通常是形容词、名词
an old village school
C正确

5.B正确　　做句子结构题时要和原文加以对比

6.made of A正确

7.began doing something/began to do something
A正确

8.D正确

9.accelerated: 加速　　A正确
speed: 加快动作和工作的进程　　speed up
We'd better speed up,if we want to get there in time.
The driver accelerated to pass the other car.
The car sped along the road.
reversed: 倒车
The car reversed through the gate.

10.Two others 和their faces同位语关系
A正确　
overdressed   I fell rather overdressed in this smart suit.
overlooked: 俯瞰

11.for the time being--temporarily
B正确　　meanwhile--at the same time
As it happened--这类事情的发生　　for a while --for a moment
 
12.flown--fly 不能用于被动语态　go flying    send something flying
A gust of wind sent the paper flying in all directions
hurled: 用力的去投掷
C正确
projected: send up

Lesson 7
           Mutilated ladies
             残钞鉴别组
 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

     ★mutilate
v.   使残缺不全
及物动词－－经常用于被动语态
1.毁伤、残害
He was mutilated in the accident,and now has only one leg
a mutilated note
2.把...搞砸了
You've already mutilated the novel by making such changes.
dad president: 美元
mutilation n.

     ★chew
v.   咀嚼
a lot of people love chewing gums.
Don't bite off more than one can chew.
chew the fat: 聊天
chewed up: 着急的、担心的
Don't get worried about your examination.
Don't get chewed up about your examination.

     ★microwave
n.   微波，微波炉
microswitch
microfilm
microscope
microsecond
microphone
microbiology
macro 大的

     ★oven
n.   炉灶

     ★safekeeping
n.   妥善保管
keep something safe
Please keep your ID card safe.
do evil: 干坏事
evil doing
make trouble--trouble making

     Newcastle
n.   ★纽卡斯尔（英国港市）

     ★identify
v.   鉴定，识别
identity of somebody or something
He can't identify the person
identity
So far the archeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
identification 确认，

     ★spokeswoman
n.   女发言人
        
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did Jane cook John's wallet?

    Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket? When you rescued your trousers, did note in your back pocket? When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white? People who live in Britain needn't despair when they made mistakes like this (and a lot of people do)! Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog. Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!
    A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business. John had very good day and put his wallet containing $3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. Then he and Jane went horse-riding. When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing it, cooked her fiancé's wallet as well. Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash! John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilate Ladies! They examined the remain and John got all his money back. 'So long as there's something to identify, we will give people their money back,' said a spokeswoman for the Bank. 'Last year, we paid $1.5m on 21,000 claims. Damaged bank notes. The Queen's head appears on English bank notes, and 'lady' refers to this.

参考译文

    这种事情在你身上出现过吗？你有没有把裤子塞洗衣机，然后又想在裤子的后兜有一张大面值的纸币？当你把裤子抢救出来时，你有没有发现那张纸币已经变得比白纸还白？当英国人犯这种错误时，他们不必感到绝望（而许多国家的人都有这种绝望的感觉）。对英国人来说，值得庆幸的是英国银行有一个残钞鉴别组，负责理那些把钱塞进机器或塞给狗的人提出的索赔要求。看起来，狗很喜欢咀嚼钱币。
    最近的一个案例与简.巴特林有关，她的未婚夫约翰拥有一家生意兴隆家具店。有一天约翰的生意很好，他把一只装有3,000 英镑的钱包放进微波炉内保存。然后，他和简一起去骑马。回家后，简用微波炉煮了晚饭，无意中之中把她未婚夫的钱包也一起煮了。可以想像他们发现一只煮得很好看的钱包，钞票已化成灰时的沮丧心情。约翰去找银行经理，经理把约翰的钱包和纸币的残留物送到英国银行在纽卡斯尔的一个专门部门——残钞鉴别组。他们鉴定了这些残留物。约翰拿回了他损失的全部数额。“只要有东西可供识别，我们会把钱还给人家的，”银行的一位女发言人说。“去年，我们对21，000 起索赔要求支付了150万英镑。”

【课文讲解】

断首或断尾运用疑问句提出问题
断首——主要引起读者的兴趣和注意力
断尾——进一步巩固、加深与本段所涉及的内容、进一步引起读者的沉思

rescued: 救援，援助
Hundreds of people went ot rescue the plane crash.
大词小用所起的目的——加强语气

whiter than white——damaged,mutilated

make mistakes like this
Fortunately for them     happily for them
team: 组织　　　make a claim
feed something to      it seems
第二段充分的说明了约翰是怎么样把钱从银行里拿回来
concern: 涉及到——is about
run a factory,run a company
I have a very good day.   I have a good time
to keep it safe
put his wallet which contained...
go horse-riding    go fishing    go hunting   go shopping
dismay: 沮丧
beautifully-cooked wallet: 用一种讽刺的口吻
turn to     turned into  become
who--bank mangager
so long as: on condition that 表假设，只要
pay for: 为...付款
We paid 80 dollars for the dictionary.
on    pay off
The couple have already paid their debts off
pay back
1.把钱归还回去　　pay money back
2.报复、报仇　　　pay somebody back

【Special difficulties】
如何运用后缀
less表示否定概念　　care---careless
ful 表示有，充满了　hopeful---careful
ly: 形容词＋ly＝副词，名词＋ly＝形容词　daily
ic  pic: energetic
ish: childish,womanish
Exercise
1.painless
2.beautiful
3.daily
4.childish  ---ish的形容词是贬义色彩
5.athletic   强壮的，强健的

【Multiple choice questions】

1.B正确
2.D正确　identify---identifiable  return--returnable  eat-eatable
3.B正确　unless: if not
Structure
4.A正确　any large bank notes
5.C正确　真实的条件句
6.B正确　一般来说，如果表示某人的，就用 '
　　　　　如果采用介词of表示所属关系，被修饰名词前要出现定冠词
7.C正确　　简单句，选用一般过去式
8.A正确　　to keep it safe

Vocabulary
9. in charge of: 负责　　in the charge of: 由某人了负责
10.turn to ash  D正确
11.sent  B正确　　dispatch: 送，送达　deliver
convey: 运输、传达　　fetch: 去取回来
12.B正确　provided   providing
Provided that you reduce the price ,I'll take all the goods.
supposed  表假设：suppose supposing

Lesson 8
           A famous monastery
             著名的修道院
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

     ★monastery
n.   寺院，修道院
abbot: 修道院院长
convent  nun: 修女
abbess: 女修道院院长

     ★St. Bernard
     圣伯纳德

     ★pass
n.   关隘

     ★watchdog
n.   看门狗

     ★rashly
adj. 莽撞地，冒失地
boldly

     ★enclosure
n.   围场，圈地

     ★monk
n.   和尚

     ★privacy
n.   清静，隐居

     ★skier
n.   滑雪者
ski
go skiing

     ★Easter
n.   复活节
at Easter
at Christmas
at Thanksgiving
         
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What are the St. Bernard dogs used for?

    The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.
    During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -- 30 o and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.

参考译文

    圣伯纳德大山口连接着瑞士与意大利，海拔2,473O米，是欧洲最高的山口。11世纪建造的著名的圣伯纳德修道院位于离山口1英里远的地方。几百年来，圣伯纳德修道院驯养狗拯救了许多翻越这道山口的旅游者的生命。那些最先从亚洲引进的狗，待人友好，早在罗马时代就给人当看门狗了。如今由于山里开挖了隧道，翻越山口已不那么危险了。但每年还要派狗到雪山地里去帮助那些遇到困难的旅游者，尽管修通了隧道，但仍有一些人想冒险徒步跨越圣伯纳德山口。
    夏天的几个月里，修道院十分忙碌，因为有成千上万的人驾车通过山口，顺道来修道院参观。由于来人太多，狗被关在专门的围栏里。然而到了冬天，修道院里的生活则是另一番景象。气温下降到零下30度，试图跨越山口的人寥寥无几。修道士们喜欢冬天，而不太喜欢夏天。因为在冬天，他们可以更多地过无人打扰的生活。狗也比较自由，被放出围栏，四处遛达。冬天常来修道院参观的只有一批批滑雪者。他们在圣诞节或复活节到那儿去。这些热爱高山清静环境的年轻人每年都受到圣伯纳德道院的热烈欢迎。

【课文讲解】

connects/join Switzerland to Italy  link Switzerland with Italy
connect...with: 把...与某事联系在一起
I can't connect the picture with my friend Mary
Are you connected with the government?
be connected with: 与...有联系

At 2,473 metres: 介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态
In red,she looks much more beautiful.
At the age of 25,he is able.
At one point 65 metres,he is a little short.

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别
非限制性定语从句只是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充说明和解释去掉对主句影响不大
限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分
Mr Smith was a famous person in American history.
Mr Smith who died on July 17th at 84,was a famous person in American history
There were very few passengers,who escaped without serious injury.
旅客很少，他们没有受到重伤都逃出来了。
There wer vey few passengers who excaped without serious injury.
没有受重伤而逃出来的旅客很少

The taxi drivers,who knew about the traffic jam,took another road.
所有司机都知道堵车的事，都走了别的路
The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road,and others who didn't know about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
得知堵车的司机走了别的路，不知道堵车事件的司机仍然走这条路

who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语
指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which
He lent me a thousand dollars,which was exactly the sum I needed,
指代时间when、地点where
He was left on the desert island,where he stayed for as long as three weeks.

found: 建立　　set up  eatablish

live-lives

which指代friendly dogs
The panda,which was brought from China,was used as a symbol of friendship
Now that: 既然　　用做时间连接词，后面通常跟完成式
Now that you have left university,you have to find a job.
用做原因连接词时，后面时态不限
Now that you won't help me,I must do the job myself.

whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever,whichever,however
== no matter who/what/when/where/which/how
You can telephone me whenever you like.
Whichever day you come,we'll be pleased to see you.
Wherever you go,I'll follow you.
However busy you are,you must spare some time to study English.

Despite: 介词---in spite of
rashly: 莽撞的　　　attempt to do something --try to do something
there + be
There are still a few students studying English in the classroom.
in cars--by car
<I>about:</I> 到处，周围
Don't litter waste paper about.  look about  go about  run about
wander about
keep: 使某人或某物处于某种状态，经常和介词短语，形容词，分词（现在分词和过去分词）搭配使用，表示一种状态
Keep him out.   Keep him in.        Do keep the cat in the room
表示逻辑的主谓关系－－现在分词　　　I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
表示逻辑的动宾关系－－过去分词　The lamb was kept tight to a tree

quite the opposite.

prefer something to something
I prefer reading to doing nothing. 
The boy prefers apples to bananas.
prefer to do than do something
He prefers to read than do nothing

The regular visitors to BeiJing

Mike,who loves chess very much,enter for the game.

【Special difficulties】

1...what...
2...When...
3...Who...

【Multiple choice questons】

1...C...
be best known for = be famous for,众所周知

2...C...
the main advantage.

3...D...
occupation: 事业，undisturbed: 不受打扰的

Structure
4...d...
名词作表语，at, 介词短语作状语

5...a...
形容词或副词和enough to do 搭配
b选项错在so rash as to,You are so kind as to help me.

6...a...
with的复合结构形式
A large car,with its headlights on and its horn blaring,roared down the arcade.
With so many people around me,I fell happy.

7...C..
让某人做某事：let sb do

8...C...
泛泛的概念采取一般现在时

Vocabulary

9...b...
强调两者之间

10...a...
whenever=if ever: 无论什么时候，只要情况是如此
Whenever(if ever) you pour oil on water,it floats.
in case主要是讨论预防措施
You should insure your house in case there is a fire.

11...d...
drive

12...c...
wander:闲逛，roam
graze: 吃草，drift: 漂流＝float,　wonder:　想知道，感到奇怪

Lesson 9              Flying cats                  飞猫 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语      ★fascinate v.   迷住，吸引住 be fasinated with He is fascinated with chess. Are you fascinated with English? like,love,be fond of The boy is fond of football. be crazy <I>about:</I> 着迷 be mad about He is crazy/mad about music. He is fascinated with music. fascination,fascinating Sweet music is fascinating.      ★affectionate adj. 充满深情，柔情的 Cats are affectionate animals. affectionately adv. The lady is looking that man affectionately affection n.      ★mysterious adj. 神秘的，难以理解的  a mysterious plan a mysterious explanation mystery n.谜面，神秘感 His death is a mystery.      ★submissive adj. 服从的，顺从的 obedinent Are you obedient? Dogs and horses are submissive,but Cats are never submissive to us. be submissive to sb. submit v. submit oneself to sb/sth submission  n.      ★feline adj. 猫的      ★independence n.   独立，独立性 independent  adj. You have already grown up,you must be independent. depend:依靠 You must depend on yourself depend,dependence independence,independent      ★high-rise adj. 高层的      ★windowsill n.   窗槛      ★paratrooper n.   伞兵      ★squirrel n.   松鼠      ★air-resistance n.   空气阻力      ★impact n.   冲击力           Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 How do cats try to protect themselves when falling from great heights?     Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. They can be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they lead mysterious lives of their own as well. They never become submissive like dogs and horses. As a result, humans have learned to respect feline independence. Most cats remain suspicious of humans all their lives. One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives. Apparently, there is a good deal of truth in this idea. A cat's ability to survive falls is based on fact.     Recently the New York Animal Medical Center made a study of 132 cats over a period of five months. All these cats had one experience in common: they had fallen off high buildings, yet only eight of them died from shock or injuries. Of course, New York is the ideal place for such an interesting study, because there is no shortage of tall buildings. There are plenty of high-rise windowsills to fall from! One cat, Sabrina, fell 32 storeys, yet only suffered from a broken tooth. 'Cats behave like well-trained paratroopers.' a doctor said. It seems that the further cats fall, the less they are likely to injure themselves. In a long drop, they reach speeds of 60 miles an hour and more. At high speeds, falling cats have time to relax. They stretch out their legs like flying squirrels. This increases their air-resistance and reduces the shock of impact when they hit the ground. 参考译文     猫总能引起人们的极大兴趣。它们可以对人友好，充满柔情。但是，它们又有自己神秘的生活方式。它们从不像狗和马一样变得那么顺从。结果是人们已经学会尊重猫的独立性。在它们的一生中，大多数猫都对人存有戒心。最使我们感兴趣的一件事情就是一种通俗的信念——猫有九条命。显然，这种说法里面包含着许多真实性。猫在跌落时能够大难不死是有事实作为依据的。     最近，纽约动物医疗中心对132只猫进行了为期5个月的综合研究。所有这些猫有一个共同的经历：它们都曾从高层建筑上摔下来过，但只有其中的8只猫死于震荡或跌伤。当然，纽约是进行这种有趣的试验的一个理想的地方，因为那里根本不缺乏高楼大厦，有的是高层的窗槛从上往下坠落。有一只叫萨伯瑞的猫从32层楼上掉下来，但只摔断一颗牙。“猫就像训练有素的跳伞队员，” 一位医生说。看起来，猫跌落的距离越长，它们就越不会伤害自己。在一个长长的跌落过程中，它们可以达到每小时60里甚至更快的速度。在高速下落中，猫有时间放松自己。它们伸展四肢，就像飞行中的松鼠一样。这样就加大了空气阻力，并减少了它们着地时冲击力带来的震动。 【课文讲解】 never fail to ,双重否定意味肯定，运用双重否定结构加深句子的语义 If you ask for help in the polite way,you never fail to succeed. If you receive requests like this,you'll never fail to accept. 双重否定结构 1. never fail to,can't fail to,don't fail to,否定词＋fail to 2. 否定的形容词之前加以否定，unreasonable,not unreasonable What he said is not unreasonable. It is quite common(not unvommon) for us to make mistakes. 3.not+without You can't obtain English without working hard. He doesn't have any meal without meats. 4.no+not There is no cat that doesn't like fish. There is nothing that he can't do. There is no rule that has no exception. as well as a result have learned to :学会了，习惯了 People have learned to expect that trains are punctual. Children have learned to expect that their parents are very able. be suspicious of sb:对什么表示怀疑，存有戒心 one of the things that fascinates us most,that引导定语从句 that 引导同位语从句 One of the things that fascinates us most about planes is the popular fact that they are safe and fast. turth,不可数名词，a good deal of apparently:显然，显而意见 It seems that... survive(v.),fall(v&n.) a cat's ability to survive falls is based on fact be based on: 基于事实基础之上 base sth on：把某事加强在什么基础之上 We base the theory on the fact. The theory is based on fact. make a study of sth:对什么作出研究 over a period of five months. in common=the same. fall off ：坠落，掉落 die from:死于 死于疾病：die of illness/disease/hunger/thirst.自然的死亡用of 死于非自然原因：die from shock/injures/wound ,用from there is no shortage shortage:缺乏＝lack,于of搭配 Shortage of money led to the failure of the experiments. 32 storeys suffer from:遭受什么痛苦 A lot of people in the world are suffering from terrible disease. behave like=act like well-trained: 训练很好的，well-decorated：装饰漂亮的 the further cats fall,the less 典型的the more...the more...句型，用定冠词the修饰形容词或副词的比较级 The harder you study English ,the better you can learn it. The more you eat,the fatter you will be. be likely to do:有可能如何，强调可能性 In cold winter,We are likely to catch a cold. and more :甚至更多 at high speeds stretch  out:充分伸展 【Special difficulties】 so,such,such a,such an 1.The film was so .... 2.We...had such... 3.It's such an... 4.The twins are so... 5....such a.... 【Multiple choice questions】  1....A endlessly fascinating 无穷的，特别吸引人的魅力 2....D that the further cats fall,the less they are likely to injure themselves Because they have got enought time to relax and this increases their air-resistance and reduces the shock of impact 3....A that the further cats fall,the less they are likely to injure themselves Structure 4...C for对于人们来讲 with对于人们来讲，强调对比概念 With some children,their pocket money goes a long way. unfailing endlessly 5...B as...as...象……一样 in the way that...以……方式 I love you in the waythat you love me. We like modern art in the same way that we like beautiful... 6...D It is said that...据说 It is announced that...据宣布 It is reported that...据报道 7...B there is plenty of--->there are plenty of 8...A 9... most cats remain suspicious of humans all their lives during 在……期间（时间较短） during our holiday;during the week through侧重强调从空间穿过 through the crowd穿过人群；through the door Monday through Friday throughout their lives贯穿始终 Vocabulary 10...C It would seem(that)...---apparently 11...C explain 解释；test检测；borne容忍，忍耐 The theory is supported by the fact. The theory is based on the fact. 12...A even so 注意上下文的语境 although 让步；虽然，但是 in spite of 只用了连接名词、动名词或代词 moreover 表示递近关系 He is very tired,even so he keeps studing english hard.

Lesson 10
          The loss of the Titanic
         “泰坦尼克”号的沉没

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

     ★Southampton
n.   南安普敦（英国港市）

     ★colossal
adj. 庞大的
big,large,huge,great,vast,immense,enormous,giant,gigantic,
tremendous,titanic

colossal: large in size
          A ship Titanic was colossal
          a colossal monument;a colossal statue
big   You give me a big surprise
      He is a big person.
      The box is big
large 体积大，数量大
　　　an empty large box,a large number of people
great 伟大；vast 辽阔，广阔 vast desert
immense; immeasurable 不可测量的
enormous 重点突出数量、程度、体积;强调程度时，语意强于big
         We had an enormous lunch
         He made a big success./He made an enormous success
giant 巨大的，高大的
　　　a giant person; gigantic
tremendous: big,fast,powerful
            The plane is travelling at tremendous speed.
titanic: 用于修饰人和物，体积大，力量大
　　　　 The ship is titanic.
huge 强调体积大；a huge stone 数量巨大a huge sum of money　　　　　
     ★watertight
adj. 不漏水的
a watertight ship
watertight 引申为无限可击的，毫无破绽的
watertight arguments 无懈可击的论点
watertight excuse毫无破绽的借口
waterproof　防水的；waterproof watch 防水手表
waterproof coat 防水雨衣

     ★compartment
n.  （轮船的）密封舱

     ★flood
v.   充满水
flood vt.be filled with water; the ship is flooded.
The room was flooded with moonlight
Our classroom is flooded with sunshine.
n.洪水；in flood 洪水泛滥；引申表示连续不断的
During the rains,the river is in flood
in a flood of words 滔滔不绝的
She blamed her husband in a flood of words on seeing him.

     ★float
v.   漂浮，飘浮
float:drift

     ★tragic
adj. 悲惨的
tragic: unfortunate;a tragic accident
miserable: 苦难的；bitter痛苦的
tragedy n.悲剧，惨案；　in tragedy 以悲剧形式
The holiday ended in tragedy.
comedy喜剧；comic喜剧的，滑稽的；comical古怪的，可笑的

     ★liner
n.   班船

     ★voyage
n.   航行
voyage 海上航行；flight飞行；journey长途行程
navigation 航海，航海术
The voyage is more than the old lady can bear.

     ★iceberg
n.   冰山

     ★lookout
n.   了望员

     ★collision
n.   碰撞
collide vi 碰撞，抵触
The plane collided with the moutain.
crash v.坠毁
It is said that there is an airplane that crashed in the moutains.
conflict vi.和某事（某人）相抵触
My idea conflicts with yours.
clash vi.相冲突：His wedding clashed with my examination ,so I couldn't go.

     ★narrowly
adv. 刚刚，勉强地

     ★miss
v.   避开

     ★slight
adj. 轻微的

     ★tremble
v.   震颤
tremble v.有规律的，小幅度的抖动
Look,your hands are trembling,what's wrong with you?
shiver v. 强调由于寒冷、惧怕二一连串地抖动
I found he's shivering in a cold.
shudder vi.强调全身的颤栗
The boy is shuddering,why? Because he was frightened.

     ★faint
adj. 微弱的
faint: weak弱的
faint sound/weak sound; weak voice/faint voice
faint: unconscious 失去知觉
He has been faint for a long time.
slight 轻微的，微不足道的
a slight headache; a slight book

     ★horror
n.   恐惧

     ★abandon
v.   抛弃
abandon 因为某事二被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物
He abandoned his research because of the war.
desert 背弃，遗弃
desert the army;desert the duty; desert his family

     ★plunge
v.   投入，跳入
plunge: jump or rush suddenly and wildly
He got so angry that he plunge into the water.
When the ship Titanic sank in the ocean,a large number of people plunged into...
jump 侧重强调快速地跳
The boy is jumping up and down.
leap 跳跃；He leapt out of the sleeping bad.
dive 跳水、潜水

     ★lifeboat
n.   救生船

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What would have happened if only two of the sixteen water-tight compartments had been flooded?

    The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. She was carrying 1,316 passengers and crew of 891. Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At the time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.
    Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy water of the North Atlantic, huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense walk of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint that no one though that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody, 1,500 lives were lost.

参考译文

    巨轮“泰坦尼克”号1912年4月10日从南安普敦起锚驶向纽约。船上载有1,316名乘客与891名船员。却使用现代标准来衡量，45,000 吨的“泰坦尼克”号与算得上一艘巨轮了。当时，这艘轮船不仅是造船史上建造的最大的一艘船，而且也被认为是不会沉没的。因为船由16个密封舱组成，即使有两个舱进水，仍可漂浮的水面上。然而，这艘巨轮首航就下沉，造成大批人员死亡。人们将永远记着这艘巨轮的沉没惨剧。
    “泰坦尼克”起航后的第4天，它正行驶在北大西洋冰冷的海面上。突然，了望员发现一座冰山。警报响过不久，巨轮急转弯，以避免与冰山正面相撞。“泰坦尼克”这个弯拐得及时，紧贴着高出海面100英尺的巨大的冰墙擦过去。突然，从船舱下部传来一声微颤音，船长走下船舱去查看究竟。由于这个声音非常轻，没人会想到船身已遭损坏。在下面，船长惊恐的地发现“泰坦尼克”号正在急速下沉，16个密封舱已有5个进水。于是，他发出弃船的命令，几百人跳进了冰冷刺骨的海水里。由于没有足够的救生艇运载所有乘客，结果，1,500 人丧生。

【课文讲解】

The great ship,Titanic,sailed for...背景介绍
sail for 航海去往某处
set out(off) for出发去往某处
leave for,head for,make for
Eg.: He will set out for the Atlantic.
The plane is making for the airport.
We are heading for Canada.

She was carrying...
carry 表示载有；a crew of一组人员

Even by...by; according to 表示依据
mordern standards 现代的标准

by regulation 依据规则；by rules依据条例
by our estimate依据我们的估计
by one's looks /by one's appearance 根据某人的长相
according to 依据（事实、课文等客观存在的现实）
according to the fact 依据事实
according to the text依据这篇课文

在我看来：in my opinion

according to /in accordance with
in accordance with 更加正式，依据法律
in accordance with law
in accordance with rules

At that time 在当时

ont noly...but(also)...不仅，而且
be regarded as: be considered to be,be thought of as 把...看作为
口语中：regard sb./sth. as+(n./pron/adj./doing/done)
Eg.:I regard his idea as totally unacceptable.
    We can't regard the matter as settled
for 表示原因
be able to强调有能力

be remembered 被永远记住
go down: sink
on her first voyage :处女航，首航
with heavy loss of life损失惨重，造成大批人员的死亡

four days after setting out...; four days after seeting off...

...spotted...;suddenly discoverd by a look out
icy waters 水域，海域

the alarm had been given 发出警报
to avoid ...不定式表目的

which 指代the immense wall of ice
from below 从下方；from above 从上方

...so faint that no one thought that...
so...that..

to one's horror使某人感到惊骇、惊恐
to one's surprise 使某人感到惊讶

five of her sixtten watertight compartments had been filled with water

The odrer was given 命令被下达
to abandon ship 弃船，不定式做定语

hundreds of people plunged into...
As (because) there were not enough lifeboats ...1500 lives died.

ability 能力
the ability to do sth
order sb.to do sth.
be capable of doing sth.强调有做某事的能力
capability of doing sth.做某事的能力

【Special difficulties】

Wording Building
动词后加-er，如果是以不发音的-e结尾的，只加-r,表示行为的主动者，做某事的人
work ---worker   teach--teacher   murder--murderer
write---writer   read --reader
动词后加-ist,表示某种主义者，信仰者；从事某种事业、研究的人。
　copy--copyist    type---typist     novel---novelist
  drug--druggist   tobacco---tobacconist
形容词后加-ness,抽象名词，表示一种性质、情况、状态
　kind--kindness    bitter--bitterness   happy---happiness
  willing---willingness
某些动词后加-ion,构成名词。
　suggest---suggestion...
以-te结尾的动词，把不发音的-e去掉，在加-ion
  translate---translation   complete---completion
  graduate ---graduation
某些以-aim/-ain结尾的动词、把-i去掉，在加-ation.
  explain---explanation   exclaim--exclamation
以-ity结尾，放在形容词之后，构成抽象名词，表示性质、状态
以-able/-ible结尾的形容词变成名词，变成-ability/-ibility
able--ability   probable---probability   possible---possibility
mobile---mobility

Exercise
(1)...physicist...
  physics: 物理
(2)...miner...
mine: 矿井
(3)...humanity...
(4)...impression...
impress: 给某人印象
make a good impression
(5)...originality...
original: 初始的，原始的

【Multiple choice questions】

(1)...d...
on her first /maiden voyage: 首航，处女航
(2)...c...
(3)...a...
(4)...b...
her指代的是the great ship
on board the plane/the train/the ship
(5)...d...
表示下沉的可能性
(6)...d...
有了“段时间”four,所以用过去完成进行时
(7)...b...
so位于句首，句子必须倒装
(8)...d...
"not enough lifeboats"
(9)...a...
突然转向　veer=turn
(10)...c...
just in time 躲得很及时
in next to no time=at once,immediately;
on a sudden impulse: 凭一时的冲动
(11)...b...
重点在于下去调查
(12)...a...
volume: 容量，容积
area: 地区
place: 地方，地点